Engineering Tutorials

Satellite communication provides services:

i. International Telephony
• using Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN)
• Intermediate Data Rate (IDR)
• Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA)

ii. Broadcasting
• TV Uplink
• Television Receive Only (TVRO)
• Digital Satellite News Gathering (DSNG)

iii. VSAT ( Very Small Aperture Terminal)
• Personal Earth Station (PES-TDMA)
• Telephony Earth Station (TES-TDMA)
• Domestic IDR/Single Channel Per Carrier (SCPC)
• VSAT Dial away
• VSAT Sky Star Advantage
• VSAT Faraway

For satellite communications the following three types of frequencies are used which are IEEE standards .

C Band : Range between 4 GHz to 8 GHz
Ku Band : Range between 12 GHz to 18 GHz
Ka Band : Range between 20 GHz to 30 GHz
From the above figure the followings are noted:
HPA – High Power Amplifier
LNA - Low Noise Amplifier (Earth station equipment that amplifies the transmit RF signal)
CPE – Customer Premises Equipment (e.g. Telephone, PABX, Ethernet Hub, Host Server etc)